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Lots of other Scientologist-run companies and companies come from the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies making use of Hubbard's management teachings, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE needs those who wish to end up being Hubbard management seeks advice from to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.




This section needs growth. You can help by contributing to it. In order to help with the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the type of effective or highly regarded people. Scientology Perth. Though it has actually obtained some trustworthiness as a religious beliefs in many countries, Scientology has actually also been described as both a cult and a company.

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For example, it has actually been noted to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Fair Game individuals it perceives as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were also founded guilty of fraud, manslaughter and damaging witnesses in French cases, malicious libel versus lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of presence" might be perceived as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were commercial and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany Scientology (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had at first demandedand the IRS acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as proof the United States government accepts it as a faith. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as identified in a web survey run by the presidential transition group soliciting public input for the inbound administration.

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State Department has criticized Western European nations for discrimination against Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Liberty report, based upon the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is treated legally as a company, and not as a religion or charitable company. [] In the original source early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and numerous related terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on individuals and groups who try to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular elements of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was developed with its head workplace located at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later renamed the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and dedicated among the largest penetration of United States federal agencies ever committed by an organization not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The crime committed by these offenders is of a breadth and scope previously unusual. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No person or organization was my response free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past used aggressive tactics in attending to those it sees as attempting to reduce them, referred to as Suppressive Persons (SPs) initially laid out by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable game. Church of Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper known to have been managed by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb dangers in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.